Crusher and pulverizer



M. F. WILLIAMS.

CRUSHER AND PULVERIZER.

APPLICATION FILED AUGJ, 1919.

1,397,828, Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

M. F. WILLIAMS.

CRUSHER AND PULVERIZER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-7, 1919.

1921. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

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To all whom it may conaem:

Be it known that I, MILTON F. VV nLIAMs, a citizen of the United States, res ding at St. Louis, State of Missouri, have lnvented certain new and useful Improvements in Crushers and Pulverizers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in crushers and pulverizers the peculiarities of which w1ll be hereinafter described and clalmed.

The main ob'ect of my invention is to provide means or readily chang ng the operative faces of the hammers to s u1t the material operated on; secondly to increase the efiiciency of the breaker plate; and thirdly to adjust the breaker plate accordin to the size of the output desired.

%n the accompanying drawings on wh ch like reference letters indicate correspondmg parts, Figure 1 represents a vertical central section across the rotor of a crusher and ulverizer exemplifyin my improvements; Fig. 2, a detail rear new of one hammer; Fig. 3, a detail sectional plan vlew of sa1d hammer on the line 22 of F1 2; Fig. 4, a vertical sectional view of sai the line 33 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a detail showin the front face of a hammer; Fig. 6, a si e elevation of the machine shown in Flg. 1; and Fig. 7 a detail view showing abreaker plate of m device with a shaft and its bearings,hal the face being shown, and half the rear.

The rotary pivoted hammer whlch I have improved in this application belongs to the cushioned hammer type. A series of these hammers are mounted on a rotorhead A carried by a shaft B mounted in a suitable casin C having an inlet hopger D above one side of the rotor. A cage of arallel bars or other suitable style, exten s practically a half circle around the motor and partly within the cover F of the casing as shown in Fig. 1. This cage is removable to allow of placing another cage of different radius within the casing, according to the size of the output desired. Any suitable means for supporting the cage and the different cages ma be employed, such as by strips G filling 1n the oove 9 adjacent to the hammer circle and in which the bars are mounted.

The hammers consist of two members Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed August 7, 1919. Serial No. 315,893.

hammer on 2,3 and 5,the key Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

the body or main portion H and a cap'I detachably mounted on the'other member preferably by means of the dove tail and roove connection shown in Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive. These dove tails are preferably two in number extending outward from one member (preferably the body H) and are designated J-J; the lar or ends of the dove tails are at the rear ace of the hammer, and the smaller ends of said dove tailsterial being reduced is to drive the cap upon the body of the hammer by the resistance under reduction, as the dove tails and grooves are both located in parallel planes of rotation.

A portion of both the dove tail and its corresponding groove near the front face of the hammer, interchange as shown in Fig. 3 whereby a fillet is produced in order to form a blind dove tall, and present a wearing face that does not expose the ends of the dove tails. Along one side of each dove tail is a key way in which is inserted a key K preferably a straight key, that may be turned over at each end so as to engage opposite members as shown in Figs.

through the fillet or blind portion of the dove tail connection asshown in Fig. 3. Another function of the blind dove tail is to facilitate the removal of the cap, so that a cap having a'face of different style of serration may be employed when it is desired to operate on Thus a sharp edged serration on the face of the cap'is desirable when cutting gummy material, and a coarse serration or even a plain cap, is desirable when operating on riable material and for reducing the same to correspondingly coarser size of output.

My breaker p ate consists of a bod portion L having an extension M from the u per part, which fits into the inlet hopper and inclines downward, so as to form the fourth wall of the hopper while the casing forms the other three walls, The lower POP.

lfi'erent materials.-

. 1n Fig. 1 and in Fig. 7.

grooves Z cut across the grooves formm the horizontal serrations, and said vertica grooves are tapering downward so that they correspond with the 'smallerserratlons near the lower portion of the breaker plate. The

object of these serrations is to give a preliminary grinding to the materral enterlng the hopper, or hold it from being forced out of the hopper by the rotary hammers whlch engage it as indicated in Fig. 1. The larger lumps are crushed and caught by the vertical and horizontal grooves forming serrations pointing downward, till they are reduced fine enough to be further ground between the rotor and the lower end of the breaker late where the serrations point upward. nother function of the grooves, especially the vertical grooves, is to provide clearance for the material being crushed, and particularl the finer particles of sa1d material. The ower end ofthe breaker plate is mounted on a pivotal shaft 0 and is adjustable to and from the hammer circle by any suitable adjustin means such as a plate P, slidingly mounte in guides Q, preferably on the outside of the casing as shown in Fig. 6', and operated by a screw R having a threaded connection with said plate P, so that by turning the handle S of sad screw the late will travel up or down between the gui es. The plate has a slot T extending dlagonally across its line of movement, and in the slot is mounted a bushing U preferably rectangular in order to have a good bearing on the edge of the slot T, and havins: also a bearing on a slot V in the casing. Through this bushing passes the shaft 0 as shown in Fig. 7. The slot T and the slot V in the side of the casing, cross each other, and the movement of the plate P in the direction of the arrow Fig. 6, will act like a wedge to force the bushing U inward toward the center of the rotor, and thereby bring the lower end of the breaker plate closer to the hammer surface. A movement of the plate P in the reverse direction,--that is, upward,--would cause a wedging outward of said bushing and breaker plate, and thus increase the distance between the hammer circle and the pivoted end of the breaker plate. Fig. 1 shows the breaker plate and the cage closelv adjacent to the hammer circle, while Fig. 6 shows the increased distance between the hammer circle (indicated both, and designated Fig. 1, located near the up er end of the breaker plate and behind t e upward extension M. A hemispherical or segmental bearing plate 4 for said spring, is provided in a socket 5 for automatic adjustment of the bearing faces of said spring when the pivot of the breaker plate is adjusted likewise. Aretaining bolt (or bolts) 6, passes through a similar bearing washer 7, with a nut 8 to adjust the tension of the bolt 6, and the compression of the resilientsupport W.

Referring again to the bushing U, the outer face is preferably provided with lips 9 adapted to lap over the edges of the wedging slot plate P as shown in Fig. 6, and be retained on the shaft 0 by cotter pin or otherwise. The slot V, is substantially radial and since the slot in the wedge plate crosses it at an inclination as shown, the movement of the wedge plate controls the bushing U and the shaft and lower end of the breaker plate carried thereby.

Referring again to the dove tail connec-' tion of the cap and hammer body, it is preferred that the tapering dove tails be used on account of the wedging action as shown and described, but other form of connec-.

tion may be used. While also the dove tail shown upon. the body of the hammer in duplicate has its larger end at the rear face of the hammer, when the dove tail is formed on the lower side of the cap as is the case 1 when two dove tails J inclosed the intermediate portion of the cap as in the figures, the lar er end of this depending dove tail J will evidently be near the front face on account of the wedging action desired for seating the cap upon the body member.

I claim:

1. A machine of the character described comprising a casing having radial slots in its side walls, a rotor, a cage, a cushioned breaker late abutting an edge of said cage, a pivot s aft passing through the lower end of said plate and guided in said radial slots in the casing, means to adjust said shaft radially and secure it in adjusted lposition,

and resilient means for cushioning end of said breaker plate.

2. A machine of the character described comprising a rotor, a cage, a cushioned breaker plate abutting said cage, a pivot shaft passing through the lower end of said plate and limiting the lower end to rotary movement, resilient means controlling the upper end of said plate, means to adjust said shaft radially with regard to the rotor and secure it in adjusted position, and means whereby cages of different radii, corresponde upper comprising a casing, rotary hammers, an-

ing to the radial adjustment of the pivot of said breaker plate, may be removably secured.

3. In a crusher or pulverizer, a revolving hammer comprising a body and a removable cap covering the end thereof adapted to engage material to be pulverized, said body and cap being secured together by a dovetailed tongue and groove joint having converging sides which extend in a direction tangent to the arc of rotation of the cap and in such direction with respect to its rotation that the resistance of material being crushed will tend to wedge the cap more firmly upon the body of the hammer.

4. In a crusher or pulverizer, a revolving hammer comprising a body and a removable cap covering the end thereof adapted to engage materlal to be pulverized, said body and cap being secured together by a dovetailed tongue and groove joint having converging sides which extend in a direction tangent to the arc of rotation of the cap and in such direction with respect to its rotation that the resistance of material being crushed will tend to wedge the cap more firmly upon the body of the hammer, and a key seated longitudinally between the mutually engaging sides of the tongue and groove of said 'oint. I J 5. A machine of the character described comprising a rotary pivoted hammer consisting of body and cap members united by a plurality of dovetail tongues and grooves comprising sides tapering in the direction of rotation and forming a wedging engagement, a fillet on the advancing face of one of said members of the hammer forming a blind portion, and each pair of mating dovetail tongues having a keyway along adjacent sides extending through the blind portion, and keys mounted insaid keyways, substantially as described.

6. A machine of the character described arched breaker plate pivoted at the bottom .for its upper end, retaining means for its upper end, a pivot shaft at its lower end extending through radial slots in the sides of said casing, a slidable plate at each side of the casing having a slot in each transversely inclined to the adjacent radial slot, bushings on said shaft ends engaging both radial and transverse slots, and a screw for adjusting each slidable plate controlling the breaker plate lpivot, substantially as described.

8. machine of the character described comprising a cage and rotor, a breaker plate having one end unyieldingly pivoted adjacent the cage and so disposed that its surface formsa continuation of the surface of the cage, and resilient means for cushioning the opposite end of said breaker plate.

9. In a machine of the character described, a rotary hammer consisting of a body member and a cap member detachably secured to the end face of the body member, the engaging faces of said body member and cap having, respectively, a dovetail tongue and groove, the sides of which converge in the direction of rotation, and are so disposed as to effect closer engagement under the. resistance of the material being operated upon, said cap member having a fillet closing the rear end of the groove therein.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature.

MILTON F. WILLIAMS. 

